Chemotherapy and Radiation: How to best prepare for them?

What are chemotherapy and radiation therapy?

Before starting chemotherapy or radiation, it’s essential to understand the treatment plan provided by the oncology team. These therapies differ in how they work:

• Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells, and is typically administered intravenously or orally.
• Radiation therapy targets cancer cells with high-energy radiation, either externally through machines or internally using implanted radioactive materials.

The oncologist will explain the type of treatment, the number of sessions, and the expected side effects. It's important to ask questions during consultations, such as the goals of the treatment, how it might affect daily life, and what follow-up care is needed.

How to prepare your body for chemotherapy or radiation therapy?

Taking care of the body before starting chemotherapy or radiotherapy can help manage side effects and improve overall well-being throughout treatment.

Rest and manage fatigue

Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy often cause significant fatigue. Ensuring plenty of rest before treatment starts can help the body handle this. Patients should be patient with themselves and allow time for rest throughout the treatment cycle.

Stay hydrated

Chemotherapy can cause dehydration due to side effects like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea. Drinking plenty of water, decaffeinated tea, and hydrating drinks is essential to avoid complications. Having a caregiver to help monitor hydration can be useful.

Balanced diet

Maintaining a healthy, nutrient-rich diet is important. However, it’s also vital to eat when possible, as nausea or appetite loss may interfere with regular meals. Some foods may taste metallic or different, so patients may need to adapt their diet as treatment progresses.

Exercise

Light exercise like walking or stretching can help improve stamina and reduce treatment-related fatigue. However, always consult with the oncologist to ensure exercises are safe before starting treatment.

Dental checkup

If chemotherapy or radiation (especially to the head and neck) is planned, having a dental checkup to address any infections or potential problems is recommended, as treatments can increase the risk of oral complications.

How to be emotionally prepared for chemotherapy or radiation therapy?

Cancer treatment can be mentally and emotionally challenging. Preparing emotionally can make the process less overwhelming.

• Talk to your healthcare team. Having open conversations with oncologists, nurses, and counsellors can help reduce anxiety. Understanding what to expect can demystify the treatment process and provide peace of mind.
• Seek support from cancer support groups, whether in person or online. They offer an opportunity to connect with others going through similar experiences. Sharing advice, worries, and coping strategies with fellow patients or caregivers can reduce feelings of isolation.
• Professional counselling or therapy can help address anxiety, stress, or depression associated with treatment. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is particularly effective in managing cancer-related stress.
• Practice relaxation techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing, meditation, or even journaling, for mental relief. Relaxation techniques can also help reduce anxiety before treatment sessions.

What practical preparations can help you stay comfortable during chemotherapy or radiation therapy?

The practical aspects of preparing for chemotherapy or radiotherapy are often overlooked but are important for making the treatment process smoother and less stressful.

1. Arrange transportation to and from sessions. Some patients may feel too fatigued or unwell to drive, particularly after chemotherapy. Public transportation or help from family and friends can ease this burden.
2. Bring comforting items like a favourite blanket, pillow, or snacks to chemotherapy or radiotherapy sessions. Many infusion rooms are cold, and small personal items can make long treatments more bearable.
3. Prepare for downtime, since chemotherapy infusions can take several hours. Bringing entertainment such as a book, music, or a tablet can make the time pass more quickly.
4. Stock up on essentials, such as easy-to-prepare meals, medications, and household supplies. Having these on hand can reduce the need for shopping trips or household tasks during recovery periods.
5. Friends, family members, and caregivers often want to help but don’t always know how. Creating a support system with designated people for tasks like cooking meals, helping with housework, or providing emotional support can be incredibly helpful. Some patients find it useful to designate a point person to keep loved ones informed about treatment progress and needs.

How to manage side effects from chemotherapy or radiation therapy?

Side effects are a reality of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but being prepared to manage them can make the treatment process less overwhelming.

Nausea and vomiting

Anti-nausea medications prescribed by the oncology team can help manage this common side effect of chemotherapy. Eating small, frequent meals and avoiding strong smells can also reduce nausea. Ginger or peppermint tea may provide additional relief.

Fatigue

Fatigue is one of the most common side effects of cancer treatment. Pacing activities, taking frequent breaks, and getting adequate rest can help manage energy levels. It’s important to listen to the body and not push through exhaustion.

Skin reactions

Radiotherapy often causes skin irritation in the treated area, such as redness, dryness, or itching. Using gentle, fragrance-free moisturizers and wearing loose-fitting clothes can help soothe the skin. The oncology team may also recommend specific ointments or creams for relief.

Hair loss

Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cause hair loss, depending on the treatment area. Some patients choose to cut their hair short before treatment starts or purchase wigs, scarves, or hats. Hair typically grows back after treatment ends, but preparing emotionally for this temporary change can make it easier to handle.

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